Book V (Psalm 107-150)
Note: The reader is encouraged to mark a personal Bible used for study or reading with the reading helps, especially the divisions into stanzas and subsections, as outlined in the notes below.

Introduction to Book V
The somewhat unexpected and awkward division between Book IV and Book V is treated below in the introduction to Psalm 107. The apparent continuity and symmetry within Psalms 101-110 as outlined by Steh (Notes, NIV Study Bible, 2002) requires that some explanation for the division be given.

Psalm 107
Stylistically, this psalm is closely related to Psalms 104-106 and in language it s related to Psalms 105-106. It has been proposed that 105-106-107 form a trilogy. Because of these connections, it is probable that these four psalms (104-107) were associated and perhaps put in their current order before the Book divisions were inserted. The idea of Book divisions being inserted later also opens the possibility that the Psalms at one time existed as an undivided unit. These observations provide a sufficient explanation of the unexpected dividing point. The division into five Books may have been informed by the Pentateuch but was likely also an effort to divide the psalms into multiple parts, perhaps with each Book on a separate scroll, for ease of reading.

Reading: Psalm 107:1-43
The theme of the psalm is the response of God's people to the reversals of life. The principle point of the psalm is seen the affirmations of the Psalmist that God provides for his people. An introduction (1-3) and conclusion (43) frame the psalm. The first four of the six stanzas of the psalm are easily identified by parallel constructions and repeated refrains (4-9, 10-16, 17-22, 23-32). The fifth and sixth stanzas (33-38, 39-42) depart from the pattern of the first four stanzas and provide a summary or supplement.

Prayer
Dear Lord, great example of goodness, we declare that you constantly redeem those that are in any trouble. We cry out to you today in the midst of various troubles, confident that your love endures and that your wonderful deeds continue. We praise you for your unfailing love. Because our perspective allows us to see the cross, the ultimate declaration of your love and your power, we give thanks and pray through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 108
With some slight variation, this psalm combines Psalm 57:7-11 and 60:5-11. Verses 1-5 (parallel to Psalm 57:7-11) praise God's saving help, recognizing how great his love is and declaring his greatness and glory. Verses 6-13 (parallel to Psalm 60:5-12) are a confident appeal to God.

Reading: Psalm 108:1-13
The two distinct parts of this psalm are tied together by the theme of trust or confidence. The praise of God's love (1-5) expresses trust in God, and provides the basis of the appeal (6) and reason for confidence in God (7-11). The Psalm closes with a final appeal to God (12-13).

Prayer
Because of your great love and your wondrous works on behalf of your people in times past, I rest secure and steadfast today in you, singing your praises from the early morning throughout the day. Your faithfulness, love, and glory are beyond measure. Deliver us from all that would threaten our faith and family today, for you are mighty and Lord of all. Aid us and we will praise your name, in Jesus' name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 109
The mention of false accusations helps provide a context for this psalm. The Psalmist's use of the first person singular (I, me, my) in verses 1-5 is noticeable even in a casual reading. Notice the repetition of this use in verses 21-25). The title attributes the psalm to David. David appeals to God to deliver him (1-5), he appeals for justice and redress against the enemies (6-15) because such is deserved (16-20). This first part of the psalm contains typical appeal and accusation of the adversaries before the heavenly judge. The last part of the psalm summarizes the suffering (20-25) with a concluding petition (26-29). The addendum is a commitment to praise God for his help, confident that God will act (30-31).

Reading: Psalm 109:1-31
The introduction (1-5) and conclusion (26-29) are parallel stanzas of petition that frame body of the psalm (each of these stanzas has four lines). Poetically, the remainder of the psalm divides into two sections of 10 lines each (6-15, 16-25). These two sections may be further subdivided into five-verse subsections, although the division between verses 10 and 11 is less obvious. The following is suggested for ease of reading: introduction (1-5), 1a-b (6-15), 2a (16-20), 2b (21-25), conclusion (26-29), and final praise (30-31).

Prayer
Dear God, when difficulties come and others do not understand and say hateful, untrue, or accusing things about us, we depend on you to right all wrongs, to provide justice, and to bring forgiveness to those who speak what they do not know. Look upon us with your divine understanding, hear our hearts, help us according to your love. We praise and honor you because you are with the needy and protect your people. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 110
This Messianic psalm is composed of oracles concerning the King-Priest. Verses 1 and 4 are often used in the New Testament with reference to Jesus Christ. It is likely a coronation psalm (compare Psalm 2) for the installation of a new king in the Davidic lineage. The Jews viewed this psalm as Messianic before the time of the New Testament. The psalm is "of David" and some think that David may have composed this psalm for the coronation of Solomon.

Reading: Psalm 110:1-7
The psalm has two parts (1-3, 4-7). In each part, an introductory oracle is developed. The two parts exhibit parallelism is that verses correspond (1 and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6-7). The Lord's "Lord" overcomes all opposition, and is protected eternally.

Prayer
Thank you, Heavenly Father, for sending us the Messiah, your Son, who is mighty to save. Thank you for all the evidence of your glory and his Kingship. Thank you for providing us access to you through his eternal priesthood. We depend on you for life and strength, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 111
This psalm and the next are alphabetical acrostics, but advance by half-lines. This plus the three-line first verse and last verse explains why there are only 10 verses instead of the expected 22. The first verse introduces the theme which is developed in the remainder of the psalm, and is summarized and expanded in the last verse.

Reading: Psalm 111:1-10
The theme of this psalm is the praise of the Lord which is shared with other believers, giving witness to the wisdom and understanding that generate praise. The psalm has an introduction (1) and conclusion (10) which encompass two sections of four verses each.

Prayer
With all of our heart, we extol you, our Heavenly Father. We declare your majesty among all who will hear, because your works are great, because you compassionately and gracious provide for those who worship you, and you remember forever your covenant. We extol you because of your powerful works, because in your faithfulness and justice you redeem your people, and you have established your covenant forever. We extol you because you are holy and to you belongs eternal praise, through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 112
For the acrostic construction of this psalm, see the notes on Psalm 111. This psalm eulogizes the godly man, reminiscent of Psalm 1 but constructed in parallel to Psalm 111. In this case, the last verse provides antithetical summary by contrasting the experience of the wicked man with that of the godly man who is exalted in the psalm.

Reading: Psalm 112:1-10
The construction of this psalm parallels the previous psalm: introduction (1), two sections of four verses each (2-5, 6-9), and conclusion (10).

Prayer
Dear God, help us find greater and greater delight in your commands. We claim your promises for those who fear you-bless our children, make us righteous, develop in our hearts graciousness and compassion. We seek to be just; we desire to be steadfast. Because we trust in you, we rest securely as we face each day. Thank you for all you have done, are doing, and will do for us, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 113
The next six psalms (113-118) are known as the Egyptian Hallel. They were used in Judaism at the major festivals, e.g. Passover, Weeks/Pentecost, Tabernacles, etc. At Passover, Psalm 113 and Psalm 114 were sung before the meal and Psalm 115-118 were sung after the meal.
Psalm 113 is a celebration of God's majesty and mercy.

Reading: Psalm 113:1-9
The psalm has three stanzas of three verses each. One may note the use of seven verbs as a declaration of the perfection of God's nature and work (is exalted, sits on high, stoops down, raises, lifts, seats, and settles). The first three verses have a fourfold call to praise. The next three verses (4-6) speak of the exalted Lord. The last three verses (7-9) contrast the exalted Lord with the care he exercises toward the lowly.

Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, we praise you forever and in every place. None is like you because in your majesty and exaltation from on high you look upon us with compassion to raise us up and seat us in heavenly places in Christ. We praise you, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 114
This psalm celebrates God's care for his people during the Exodus. It is memorable for its personification and construction. The reading is short and easy to outline and understand.

Reading: Psalm 114:1-8
Four stanzas of two verses each tell the story of the Exodus. The reading of this psalm at the Passover meal served to remind of the significance of the Exodus and God's continuing presence among his people.

Prayer
Dear God, because you have acted marvelously in the past on behalf of your people. We ask your presence in our lives today. Dwell in us so that your presence can be seen. Prepare the way and provide our needs as we seek to live out your presence among us and to glorify your name. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 115
This third psalm of the Egyptian Hallel praises God for his love and faithfulness. The sequence of Psalms 113-114-115 is notable: celebrate God's majesty and mercy (113), celebrate God's care (114), and celebrate God's nature (115).

Reading: Psalm 115:1-18
The psalm has five sections, each advancing the thought. The sections represent an exchange between the people and the temple worship leaders: the people speak in verses 1-8, the leader or the choir responds in 9-11, the people speak again in 12-13, the priests speak in 14-15, and the people conclude in 16-18.
Considering the sections thematically, one sees (1) praise for God's love and faithfulness, (2) a charge to trust in God, (3) a confession of trust, (4) a priestly blessing, and (5) a concluding doxology.

Prayer
O Lord, we praise and glorify your name because of your unfailing love, because you are always faithful. Why cannot everyone see you clearly? We confidently trust you for everything we need, believing that you remember us and bless us regardless of our status or importance in the view of others. We seek your blessing so we may bless others. We praise you through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 116
This psalm praises God for deliverance from death, although the exact circumstance is not known. It is possible that the reference to the "death" of the nation refers to bondage in Egypt or to the exile, with the singular pronouns referring to Israel corporately. The focus is on God's nature-gracious, righteous, and compassionate.

Reading: Psalm 116:1-19
The psalm has two parts, with the second part reflecting the first. The Septuagint divides this psalm into two. The psalm develops with four couplets in each section. The couplets of the first section (1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 8-9) are interrupted by the refrain of verse 7. The couplets of the second section (10-11, 13-14, 15-16, 17-18) are interrupted by the refrain of verse 12. Thus the symmetrical construction is: C-C-C-R-C__C-R-C-C-C (C=couplet, R=refrain). The last couplet expands to a triplet, possibly for emphasis. The theme of the psalm is summarized in the refrains of verse 7 and verse 12: my soul is at rest because the Lord has been good to me; I can never repay the Lord for all of his goodness.

Prayer
Heavenly Father, we again praise and glorify your name for your great mercy. You have protected us in times of need and provided all that we need. Indeed, you have been good to us beyond our fondest hopes. We cannot hope to repay your goodness, but we will fulfill our commitments and give thanks to you. Thank you above all for Jesus, in whose name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 117
This is the shortest psalm and also the shortest "chapter" in the Bible. Because of its brevity, it is sometimes read with Psalm 118, but it may have served as a conclusion to the preceding psalms. It is quoted in Romans 15:11 to show that salvation is for the Gentiles and was not something added to the purpose of God as an afterthought.

Reading: Psalm 117:1-2
The psalm is a single hallelujah that is expanded. All should praise the Lord because of his great love and unceasing faithfulness.

Prayer
Dearest Heavenly Father, we praise you this day because of who you are-because of your love and because your faithfulness is forever. We declare that there is none like you, that you are above all and worthy to be praised. We magnify your name, in Jesus Christ, Amen.

Psalm 118
The longest of the psalms in the Egyptian Hallel (113-118), this psalm of thanksgiving concludes the group. The chronological context of the psalm is uncertain. Suggestions include a celebration of deliverance from Egypt in the Exodus, a celebration of victory during the era of the kings, and a postexilic celebration of deliverance from the enemies.

Reading: Psalm 118:1-29
The psalm opens with a four-verse call to praise. The Song of Thanksgiving (5-21) is introduced by a three-verse stanza (5-7) followed by two sections of seven verses each (8-14, 15-21). Both of these close by proclaiming that God "has become my salvation." Seven more verses (22-28) describe the rejoicing and thanksgiving of Israel, with the last verse (29) repeating the first verse, thus framing the psalm with calls to praise. Thus the reading division is 4-3-7-7-7-1. If 1-7 are read as an introductory unit, the division is 7-7-7-7-1. Two or three verses in the psalm are especially well-known (22-24) for their frequent use in the New Testament and in contemporary worship.

Prayer
Dear God, we come before your throne with gratitude because your love endures forever. You are our strength and shield, ever present to help and protect. We depend on you and not on our own strength or wisdom. You are our salvation and our song. We rejoice in your mighty acts. We rejoice because you overcome and give the victory, because you are in control of every action in this world and of every day. We exalt your holy name and praise you for the magnificent gift of salvation through your Son, Jesus, in whose name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 119
This psalm clearly focuses on the word of God with a reference to God's word in every verse in an unusual array of synonyms or descriptions of God's Word. Generally, the psalm is addressed to God. The psalm is a lengthy alphabetic acrostic (22 sections or stanzas of 8 verses, each advancing the Hebrew alphabet), probably composed in writing and intended to be read as instruction in the law. Whereas many psalms celebrate God's mighty acts or God's rule, this psalm focuses on the response of God's people to the instructions and promises of God. Instructions call for obedience, promises call for patient faithfulness.

Reading: Psalm 119:1-176
The psalm obviously lends itself to meditative reading and to the practice of praying through the psalms. It appears that the opening verses and closing verses were intended as introduction and conclusion.

Prayer
Dear God, we honor you for your mighty deeds, and desire to hear your word clearly. Be with us and guide us as we seek your will and way. Show us your way so we may obey. We trust your promises and patiently wait for you. Place in our hearts a greater love for your word that we might desire to hear you and please you. In the name of Jesus who is the Living Word, Amen.

Psalms 120-137: Psalms of Ascent (with three appended psalms)
Psalms 120-134 is a collection of 15 "psalms of ascent," each bearing that title. Two attached psalms (135-136) were traditionally associated in Judaism with the psalms of ascent. Psalms 120-136 are sometimes referred to as the "Great Hallel" in contrast to the Egyptian Hallel (113-118). The psalms of ascent are literally "psalms of the stairs" and some have thought the reference to be to the 15 steps leading up to the temple, thus the association of the psalms with festival processions leading to the temple. Others see simple a reference to ascending to Jerusalem or Zion, suggesting that the psalms were used in the annual religious pilgrimages to Jerusalem. The use of the psalms in a procession leading to Zion is consistent with the inclusion of Psalm 137 in the collection. Psalm 137, in its expression of great love for Zion, provides a fitting conclusion.
The Psalms of Ascent show signs of thoughtful, intentional organization. Similar psalms are placed next to one another and one can note some repeated organizational structure in a cycle of prayer, affirmation, and celebration. The frequent mention of Zion in these psalms is notable.
The following summary of the Psalms of Ascent (without the appended psalms) illustrates some organizational points of interest.

120 Prayer for deliverance-from false witnesses
121 Affirmation: salvation is from the Lord [dialogical]
122 Celebration of God's house
123 Prayer for mercy-deliverance from the contempt of the arrogant
124 Affirmation: salvation is from the Lord [dialogical]
125 Celebration of good over evil

126 Psalm of blessing-the Joy of restoration [national level]
127 Psalm of blessing-God's provision [in the home]
128 Psalm of blessing-the godly man [individual]

129 Prayer against the enemies
130 Affirmation: trust in the Lord
131 Celebration of trust
132 Prayer for God's blessings on king
133 Affirmation: In praise of unity
134 Celebration and concluding word of praise and blessing [dialogical]

Psalm 120
This psalm, as most of the psalms of ascent, is brief. Here is a prayer asking God's deliverance from false witnesses, or possibly from enemies who live life by a different value system.

Reading: Psalm 120:1-7
This prayer for deliverance has three short stanzas (1-2, 3-4, 5-7). The initial prayer to God is followed by words of warning to the adversary and a lament. Note that the adversaries may well be the Psalmists own countrymen. The call is for "shalom" among the people of God as they prepare to worship together.

Prayer
Dear God, make us peace lovers. May we be peacemakers and not peace breakers. Because we know the weight and destruction of the words of others, make our words helpful, truthful, sweet and kind. We are grateful for the peace you provide in Christ Jesus who is our peace, so that we can walk with you each day. Make us more and more like Him, as we pray in His name, Amen.

Psalm 121
This psalm is more easily understood when considered as a pilgrimage song. It is likely a dialogue of affirmation and response, whether between individuals or in the thoughts of an individual worshiper. The assurances of this psalm are frequently applied to the Christian life in prayer, reading, and meditation.

Reading: Psalm 121:1-8
Four sections are easily identified. The affirmation of 1-2 is followed by three declarations of assurance in verses 3-4, 5-6, and 7-8. God is the every watchful keeper of his people, he constantly protects, and constantly guides.

Prayer
Dear God, we look to you for help in all of life. We thank you for your watchful care, your constant protection, and your desire to deliver us safe to you eternally. Thank you for the presence of your Holy Spirit in our lives to assure us and guide us. Thank you for the salvation you have provided in Jesus. We pray in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 122
This psalm celebrates the city of Jerusalem as the city where God is met and where God is praised. Jerusalem represented to Israel the guidance and care of the Lord. Its protection was paramount for the destruction of the city represented to the people the absence of the Lord.

Reading: Psalm 122:1-9
The introduction (1-2) is followed by two four-line stanzas (3-5, 6-9). [Note: some NIV versions indicate the line construction of the Hebrew by the use of parallel indentions.] The two stanzas advance the thought of the psalm. The psalm is framed by references to the "house of the Lord" (1, 8).

Prayer
Dear God, we rejoice always when we meet with you and long for the opportunity to go to your house. By our simple presence in your midst, you are praised and honored. May your people assembled in your presence know peace and security, from without and from within. Thank you making it possible for us to meet with you in personal relationship. Thank you for your presence in our lives. Thank you for Jesus. Thank you for the opportunity to approach your throne in His name, Amen.

Psalm 123
This psalm is a brief prayer for God to show mercy to his people in the midst of some source of contempt and self-doubt.

Reading: Psalm 123:1-4
The psalm has five lines, probably to be divided as an introduction (1) and two stanzas of two lines each (2, 3-4). The introduction suggests a simple prayer to God, "lifting up my eyes to God." The first stanza declares dependence on God's mercy. The second stanza explains the reason for the cry for mercy: because of the contempt and ridicule of the arrogant.

Prayer
Dear God, we ask you to show us your mercy because in your mercy we see your love and our worth in your sight. We look to you because there is none other on whom we depend. Have mercy on us that we may endure the threats and challenges of this world, even as Jesus endured much for our sakes. Thank you for your love and mercy, especially for the love and mercy evidenced in Jesus and his sacrifice on the cross on our behalf. We come before your throne with these requests in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 124
As previously mentioned, In the first three Psalm of Ascent (Psalms 120-122), one can note a cycle of prayer, affirmation, and celebration. Psalm 123 begins the cycle anew with a prayer for deliverance, and this psalm of affirmation follows the pattern, affirming that God's deliverance is reason for praise. (The next psalm, 125, follows the pattern as a celebration of Israel's security in God.)

Reading: Psalm 124:1-8
The psalm is likely reading and response, with a leader speaking in vv. 1-5 and the people responding in 6-8. The initial call is for Israel to recognize that salvation comes only from the Lord (1-5), to which the people respond with praise for their deliverance. The poetic imagery of the psalm is highly figurative and exaggerated.

Prayer
Our Lord and God, we affirm that your love toward us as you walk beside us ever protects us and provides our needs. We praise you because you deliver us even when we may not realize it. You are our Lord, we seek help from none other. You are Creator of heaven and earth, you control this world. Thank you for loving us, and for demonstrating that love in the gift of your Son. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 125
See the comment on Psalm 124 for an explanation of the possibility of a repeated pattern identifiable in the songs of ascent. This psalm celebrates the security Israel finds in God.

Reading: Psalm 125:1-5
The psalm follows a 2-3-2-3 pattern which is difficult to discern in some English translations. Verses 1-2 provide the first couplet-triplet set, verses 3-5 provide the second couplet-triplet set. The first set declares God's care for those who trust him. The second set celebrates that God protects from evil (3) and includes a prayer (4-5) that God banish evil and do good to those who are good, concluding with a brief benediction which seems to be part of the prayer.

Prayer
Dear God, help us know the security and stability that come to those who trust you, even as you surround us with your love and grace, your mercy and peace. Keep us from evil and show us the way of goodness that we may receive good from your hand. Help us devote our lives to your will and way. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 126
A psalm of rejoicing for the restoration of the fortunes of God's people, this psalm is the seventh of the songs of ascent. The restoration is not described, but the psalm is thought by some to be post-exilic. Obviously, other possibilities of restoration in the history of Israel could also provide context for the psalm.

Reading: Psalm 126:1-6
The psalm has two four-line stanzas (verses 1-3, 4-6). There is some obvious parallelism between the two stanzas.

Prayer
Dear God, we rejoice because by your mighty power you restore that which was lost and you recreate that which has been marred. What you do among your people and through your people is unbelievable-like a dream. Our hearts overflow as we see what you have done for us and how you have turned our lives around by your power. Thank you, through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 127
This "centering" psalm of the collection of Psalms of Ascents is different from that which precedes it in that it is a psalm of godly wisdom. The focus is on the home.

Reading: Psalm 127:1-5
The psalm, like the one preceding it, has two stanzas of four poetic lines each (1-2, 3-5). Steh notes that each stanza has 57 syllables in Hebrew. The first stanza affirms that the Lord provides for his people and only his provision is sufficient. To build without the Lord's blessing is vain. The second celebrates the blessing that God provides in children.

Prayer
Dear God, we thank you for all you give us. We thank you for how you watch over us even in the daily necessities of life. We are grateful for the families you give us. When we consider how important our children are to us, we begin to try to understand the intensity of your love when you gave your Son on our behalf. Thank you, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 128
This word of blessing on the godly man is thematically connected with the preceding psalm. It is reminiscent of Psalm 1 in its focus on the blessing that comes to the godly and righteous. The concluding benediction indicates that it may have served as a word of instruction from the Levites to the assembled people.

Reading: Psalm 128:1-6
The psalm has four verses of instruction and two verses of blessing. The first four verses are set off by the framing phrase "who fears the Lord." The blessedness of God's faithful follower is affirmed, followed by a benediction of prosperity, longevity, and peace.

Prayer
Dear God, we seek your ways and in reverence bow before you. Bless us according to your goodness so that we may glorify you in our lives. Help us walk closely to you and teach others your ways, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 129
With this psalm the cycle of prayer, affirmation and celebration resumes. Israel prays that God will overcome the enemies on Israel's behalf, and that they will be turned away in shame and will perish without the blessing of the Lord.

Reading: Psalm 129:1-8
The psalm has two stanzas (1-4, 5-8a), each of which has four poetic lines. The pattern may be described as "a-b-a-b-a-b…", except that the final word of blessing (8c) gives the last poetic line the form a-b-b. The two sections (without 8c) are perfectly balance, each with 59 Hebrew syllables. The first stanza notes that wicked oppressors have not been able to overcome God's people; the second stanza is a prayer that all those who hate Zion might wither and not receive blessings from others or from the Lord.

Prayer
Dear God, life is not easy and it often seems we are surrounded by those who oppose both us and your cause. It is not easy to withstand such pressures, but we are thankful that they have not won. It is your righteous that constantly protects us. We ask that it may be obvious who and what is right, that evil will wither and will not prosper, so that others may see and know the fruitfulness of your way and the emptiness of wickedness. May we use the prosperity you provide to your glory and to for our own selfish desires. May we be like you in generosity, even as you have generously given us your Son for our salvation. We offer this prayer in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 130
This psalm affirms the trust the Psalmist has in the Lord, and cries out asking that the Lord hear and attend in mercy, because only in the trust and forgiveness of the Lord is it possible that we stand. We confidently hope in the Lord, waiting for him and watching, urging others to hope also in his love and redeeming work of salvation.

Reading: Psalm 130:1-8
The psalm has four couplets which thematically divide the psalm into two parts. Verses 1-4 are the confident cry for mercy based on the assurance of God's forgiveness; verses 5-8 give personal evidence of the result of God's forgiveness as the Psalmist confidently hopes in the Lord and invites others to hope also in the Lord's unfailing love and desire to redeem his people from sin.

Prayer
Dear God, we hopefully cry to you, seeking your attentive ear, desiring once again to receive your mercy. We could not stand were it not for your forgiveness. It is in the confidence of your forgiveness that we wait in hope, eager and anticipating. Give us confidence that we might encourage others also to hope in your love and the redeeming power of the blood of Jesus, through whom we pray, Amen.

Psalm 131
This psalm is a quiet celebration of humble trust in God, concluding with the admonition that Israel also put her hope in the Lord. The theme of hope ties this psalm to the preceding one.

Reading: Psalm 131:1-3
Reading this brief psalm requires little help. The quiet, simple faith and trust of the Psalmist are the source of serenity and hope. The psalm concludes by expanding its view from the individual to the nation.

Prayer
Dear God, deliver us from pride, focus us on your will. What you have done is beyond our understanding, but we depend on you and find peace. Our desire is that others might also hope in you and find the abundant life. Thank you, through Jesus Christ, Amen.

Psalm 132
This psalm is a prayer on behalf of the Davidic royal lineage. It may have been composed early, perhaps for the dedication of the temple. Also possible is that it is a coronation psalm. It came to have Messianic applications after the Exile.

Reading: Psalm 132:1-18
The parallel construction of the psalm yields two sections (1-9, 10-16), each of which begins with a petition or prayer. Following the introductory petition, each section contains two four-line stanzas (1, 2-5, 6-9; 10, 11-12, 13-16). The final couplet (17-18) provides a conclusion to the psalm. Of interest is that each of the four internal stanzas uses a "1-3" pattern for its four lines, an introductory statement followed by a three line quotation. The first section deals with David's desire to establish a place for the Lord and the ark. The second section deals with the Lord's oath to David to establish his lineage, and the Lord's choice of Zion. The closing two verses directly relate to the requests of verses 1 and 10.

Prayer
Dear God, your promise to David reminds us that you protect and exalt those who seek to do your will. We are grateful for those who lead us in ways of righteousness, for those whose wholehearted commitment to you challenges us to grow in our spiritual walk and journey. Because you are a covenant making and covenant keeping God, we rest secure in your promises to us. We are grateful for everything you provide; you give us all we need, salvation, and joy. You bless us beyond what we deserve, and we are eternally grateful that you have made possible reconciliation. In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 133
This next to the last of the ascent psalms is very brief (3 verses). It is an affirmation of the value and power of unity among God's people. It may have been written after a time of intense conflict. Since the title attributes it to David, one possible context is the unifying of Israel under David's leadership as king (2 Samuel 5). One can think of other possibilities throughout the history of Israel. Regardless of the historical setting, the psalm serves to remind us that the organization of the psalms is not chronological but is rather topical and according to purpose and use.

Reading: Psalm 133:1-3
The psalm is composed of five lines (1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b). A helpful approach to reading is to see the primary theme in verse 1, followed by two similes, both of which are expanded (2a-2b and 3a-3b).

Prayer
Dearest Heavenly Father, we seek the unity of your people-good, pleasant, and precious. Help us be instruments of your peace. Unite us as you bestow your blessedness, even life eternal, through Jesus Christ, Amen.

Psalm 134
This final Psalm of Ascent is a word of praise, constructed as statement and response. In the context of temple worship, it appears that the worshipers, ready to leave the temple after worship, speak to the Levites who keep the temple, to which the Levites respond with a word of blessing.

Reading: Psalm 134:1-3
In the context of temple worship, verses 1-2 represent the words of the people while verse 3 is the response of the Levites. The people urge the continuation of praise to the Lord throughout the night. The Levites in response pronounce the blessing of the Lord, Maker of heaven and earth, the blessing which flows forth from Zion.

Prayer
Dear Lord, we love to praise your name. We are glad when others praise your name, and we desire to encourage one another so that praise might flow to you continually. May your blessings fall on those who worship and praise you in faithful obedience, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 135
This psalm is one of two which were customarily associated with the Psalms of Ascent in Judaism. It is considered postexilic and reflects many of the phrases and lines found in other parts of the Old Testament. It is a psalm of praise, carefully setting out reasons to praise.

Reading: Psalm 135:1-21
The psalm is framed with calls to praise (see the "Hallelujah" in verse 1 and 21). The five stanzas of the psalm (3-4, 5-7, 8-12, 13-14, 15-18) are followed by a concluding call for all to praise the Lord (19-21). In the five stanzas, praise issues from the fact that (1) the Lord is good, (2) the Lord is great, (3) the Lord delivered Israel from Egypt and gave victory over the kings of Canaan, (4) the name of the Lord endures, and (5) the idols can do nothing. May God's people praise Him.

Prayer
Dear Lord, we praise you for your goodness and greatness. Your marvelous works remind us of your great love for those you choose as your treasured possession. You compassionately justify your servants. There is no end to what you have done and are doing for those who are yours. May we consider all you have done and joyfully praise you. Thank you for demonstrating your love through Jesus, even as we pray through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 136
This psalm, as was noted about Psalm 135, was traditionally associated with the Psalms of Ascent. This probably explains why the two psalms are appended to the collection. A word of praise, this psalm recounts the history of God's work among Israel. It advances the story with each new line, while the half lines continually repeat the phrase, "His love endures forever." The psalm was likely used as a responsive reading so that the leader would tell the story and the people or Levitical choir would respond with the repeated phrase.

Reading: Psalm 136:1-26
The psalm begins with a call to praise (1-3), then devotes six verses to creation (4-9), six to the deliverance from Egypt (10-15), one to the desert journey (16), six to the conquest of the kings on the east side of Jordan and the winning of the land (17-22). The four concluding verses summarize the basic themes and close with a call to praise.

Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, we give thanks and praise your name, because what you did for Israel has been reflected again and again in the lives of your people throughout the ages, even in our own lives. You have don marvelous things. Thanks to your eternal enduring love, we are the beneficiaries of your loving kindness. Thank you, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 137
This psalm, a lament form the time of the Exile, joyfully remembers and extols Zion as the city of God. The author has apparently recently returned from Babylon with the memory of the events there, and the forced separation from the Lord and the land he had given to his people. The psalm is a fitting conclusion to the collection of the Songs of Ascent, and the emphasis on Zion reminds of a recurring theme in this collection. Such supreme devotion is at the heart of worship to God.

Reading: Psalm 137:1-9
The psalm has 12 poetic lines, three stanzas of four lines each (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 in our verse division). The stanzas in turn speak of the Babylonian experience of separation from Zion, a commitment to remember Zion, and a call for retribution on those who had a part in destroying Zion.

Prayer
Dear God, the experience of not recognizing your presence in our lives is painful. We weep when we remember former days and a vibrant life of faith, we long for the past, and we seek to find restoration and renewal in your faithful love and presence. Help us to know your presence in our lives. Thank you for the Holy Spirit whom you have given to all who obey. Thank you that you walk beside us. Lead us in righteousness, through Jesus we pray, Amen.

Psalm 138
In Psalm 138-145 is found a collection of eight psalms of David, the last of such psalms in the Psalter. While five "hallelujah psalms" will remain to conclude the Psalms (146-150), this group of Davidic psalms begins to move the Psalter toward its close. These psalms clearly stand in the tradition, wording, and themes of David's psalms; although in some cases the exact date is unclear. Most of the psalms in this grouping are prayers for deliverance. Psalm 138 praises God for his help against the enemy. It may have originally been composed or spoken by a king.

Reading: Psalm 138:1-8
The psalm is constructed with a four-line stanza (1-3), a two-line stanza (4-5), and a four-line stanza (6-8). The main theme is to praise the Lord for his love and faithfulness in answering the call of his servant. This theme is set forth in 1-3, and in 6-8 is amplified and concluded with a petition. The middle stanza is a wish that praise to the Lord might become a universal reality as all recognize the glory of the Lord.

Prayer
Dear God, we praise you with all our being, even when those around us do not understand. You answer when we call; you embolden us and give us strength. You rescue from trouble and preserve our lives, saving us as you as protect us from all who would oppose us. We believe you have a purpose for us, and we ask that in your unending, eternal love you will fulfill that purpose and never let us go. We confidently ask you to work in our lives, because of what you have done for us in Jesus' death. Thank you for hearing us, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 139
In all of the Psalms, this psalm is one of the most magnificent descriptions of God's creative goodness, applied here to the relationship God has with each individual. The Psalmist asks God to examine his heart ("hear our hearts") and measure his true devotion, completely loyal and faithful to his God. While some may be threatened by the idea that God sees every part of our life experience-our thoughts, words, actions, here that concept is a source of comfort because God understands.

Reading: Psalm 139:1-24
The psalm progresses through four sections or paragraphs, each with six verses. Each section concludes with a summary of the principal theme of the section (verses 6, 12, 18, 24). As the psalm is spoken to the Lord, it may be considered a prayer. The thought progression is as follows: (1) God knows us better than we can know ourselves, (2) there is no hiding from God, (3) God knows us thoroughly because he fashioned us from the beginning, even from the womb, and (4) a search of our hearts will reveal loyalty and integrity as we earnestly seek God's guidance.

Prayer
Dearest Heavenly Father, you know us and have called us and claimed us anyway. How wonderful and beyond understanding. We do not understand ourselves and we often disappoint ourselves, but you understand us. To try to hide any part of our life from you is vain, so we ask that you continue to show us your thoughts and your ways. Mold us in faithful loyalty even as we anxiously stand in your presence. Look upon us through the blood of Jesus. We offer this prayer in his name, Amen.

Psalm 140
The context of this psalm is a series of plots and violence from evil men who are devising plans against the Psalmist and making trouble daily. The prayer is for protection from such wickedness, because of the relationship between God and his servant. The petition of the Psalmist is that the enemy might be defeated.

Reading: Psalm 140:1-13
The psalm has four stanzas (1-3, 4-5, 6-8, 9-11), followed by a two verse conclusion. The "Selah" clearly sets off the first three stanzas. The thought progress is a request for rescue, and a request for protection, so that the wicked cannot accomplish their evil purpose, and that the evil they plot might recoil against them. The conclusion expresses confidence in God's willingness to act justly.

Prayer
Dear Lord, rescue us from those who would harm us, protect us from those who have evil intentions. Because you are our God and we are your people, deliver us so that your will is done in our lives and not the intentions of others, or even our own intentions. We confidently affirm that you work for God, securing justice for the poor and supporting the needy. We praise you, we live our lives openly before you, because of the love you have expressed in Jesus, in whom we pray, Amen.

Psalm 141
Thematically, this psalm is much like the previous one and is another prayer of deliverance.

Reading: Psalm 141:1-10
The two halves of the psalm follow a 2-3 line pattern (1-2, 3-4; 6-7, 8-10), centering around a couplet (5). In the first half of the psalm, the plea that God will hear is followed by a plea that God will guard from evil speaking or action. The center of the psalm accepts whatever rebuke may be necessary to accomplish God's purpose. The second half of the psalm urges the destruction of evildoers, and pleads for the deliverance of God from the plans of the wicked. The plea for deliverance (8-10) is especially poignant and impressive. This is a favorite psalm of many who pray through the psalms.

Prayer
Dear God, when we call, hear us and answer quickly. May our prayers come to you as a sweet aroma as we seek you and ask you to protect us and guard us from evil as you lead us in righteousness for your names sake. We will not refuse your instruction and correction; only undo the desires of the evildoers. We seek you, we hold firmly to you, we ever look to you to find refuge and protection. Help us learn to depend on you more and more, make prayer sweeter. Thank you for guiding us safely through, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 142
This psalm is the third in a series of prayers for deliverance. The Psalmist feels alone and vulnerable. The power of the enemy is overwhelming. Based on the title, the context of the psalm may be David's fleeing from Saul.

Reading: Psalm 142:1-7
The psalm has an introduction (1-2) and conclusion (7b) that frame the body of the psalm, two four-line stanzas (3-4, 5-7a). The introduction introduces the appeal while the first stanza describes the need for protection and refuge. The second stanza is a prayer for help.

Prayer
Dear God, we call to you because only you are our strength. When we are tired and almost completely worn out, you know our way. When no one else cares, you care. You are our refuge. Save us and work in our lives so that others will surround us, so that your goodness toward us will cause others to see and believe. We are grateful because we confidently affirm that your great love will respond to our plea, in Jesus' name, Amen.

Psalm 143
This psalm again seeks deliverance from certain enemies. The prayer of verses 7-10 also requests guidance and leading.

Reading: Psalm 143:1-12
The two major divisions of this psalm each have seven lines in Hebrew (1-6, 7-10). The concluding section (11-12) summarizes the Psalmist's request. The first half of the psalm introduces the petition (1-2) in the midst of intense distress (3-4) while remembering God's past actions of deliverance as a source of encouragement for his petition ((5-6). The second half of the psalm is the actual prayer or petition (7-10). The wording of the final two verses reflects and links with the first two verses.

Prayer
Dear God, when we cry to you in the midst of trouble, we depend on your faithfulness and righteousness. We admit that we are not righteous, but in you is our hope as we contemplate what you have done for your people in times past. We seek you; we want what this psalm mentions-your presence, your unfailing love, your guidance, your rescue, your instruction. When you deliver us and silence the foes, we renew our love and hope and desire to serve even more. Thank you for giving us access to your throne, through Jesus, Amen.

Psalm 144
Another prayer for deliverance, this psalm has affinity to the royal prayers. Further, the first ten verses show a relationship to Psalm 18 and other parts of the psalm are echoes of other psalms.

Reading: Psalm 144:1-15
The words of praise with which the psalm begins are accentuated with the insignificance of humankind (1-4). The prayer for deliverance (5-8) is followed by a commitment to praise the Lord (9-10). The remainder of the psalm is either one or two prayers (verse 11 may be a transitional repetition or restating of the prayer in verses 5-8). If so, 12-15 would stand as a separate prayer.

Prayer
Dear God, we praise you because you are our fortress and deliverer, our shield and refuge. In your sight we are small and insignificant, but because we are your creation, we seek deliverance by your hand and we will song new songs and praise your name. Deliver us and rescue us, so that in our blessedness we can bless others. Thank you most of all for the blessing of salvation in Jesus Christ, and our access to your throne in prayer through Him, Amen.

Psalm 145
This last psalm in the Davidic collection (138-145) extols God's greatness in his relationship to the world. His greatness is beyond imagination, although visible in his mighty works. His nature merits praise; his faithfulness and love which uphold the weak and fallen are beyond comprehension. The righteous Lord is greatly to be praised. May all praise his holy name!

Reading: Psalm 145:1-21
The text of the psalm is framed by the introduction (1-2) and conclusion (21). Four stanzas independently develop related themes. The psalm is most easily read in English with the following paragraph structure: 3-7, 8-13a, 13b-16, 17-20. The themes would be (1) praise for God's might acts, (2) praise for God nature and virtues, (3) praise for God's faithfulness, and (4) praise for God's righteousness.

Prayer
Dear God, we want to praise you and exalt your holy name, even though we cannot fully understand your greatness. We read of your mighty acts and we see your work in our lives, but faith at times remains difficult. Help us to see you as you are-gracious and compassionate, rich in love and goodness. For your faithfulness and righteousness and holiness we praise you. May it be a part of our lives each day. Thank you for revealing yourself through Jesus, as we pray in his name, Amen.

Psalm 146
Here begin the last section of the Psalter, five psalms framed with Hallelujahs. This first psalm in the sequence praises God as the one who upon whom we can depend. The Lord God who reigns over Zion forever cares for his people.

Reading: Psalm 146:1-10
A vow to praise the Lord (1-2) is followed by a call to depend on God rather than any human source of strength (3-4). Indeed, such trust in the God of Jacob who is Creator God and Covenant Lord is shown to be valid by his care for the alien, fatherless, and widow (5-9). The Lord who reigns is forever to be praised.

Prayer
Dear God, we praise you and honor you, setting you above all else, because none else is dependable, nothing else compares. You bless those who find help and hope in you, the most needy and hopeless. For all generations, we praise your name, for the great love with which you have loved us in Christ. In Jesus' name we pray, Amen.

Psalm 147
This psalm of praise focuses on God the Creator, great and mighty in power. This psalm is divided into two psalms by the Septuagint.

Reading: Psalm 147:1-20
The introduction (1) brings us to two couplets that frame the body of the psalm (2-3, 19-20). A center couplet (10-11) speaks of God's pleasure in those who delight in him and hope in him. The body of the psalm is thus divided into two stanzas (4-9, 12-18). The stanzas sing God's praises for a variety of reasons.

Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, it is good to sing your praise, for we cannot begin the enumerate all that you do that is worthy of praise. Because you take pleasure in those who hope in your love, we seek to place ourselves among that number. Thank you for revealing yourself to us in your word. May we honor you with obedient lives, in Jesus Christ we pray, Amen.

Psalm 148
This psalm is a call for all creation to praise God. The psalm sounds familiar to many Christians because an older hymn is based on the psalm (Hallelujah, Praise Jehovah). It may be significant that it is the center of the final collection of psalms. With the inclusion of the animate and inanimate world, the scope of the calls to praise the Lord is completed.

Reading: Psalm 148: 1-14
The psalm has two similar paragraphs (1-6, 7-14). All creation is called to praise the Lord. As in all of the final five psalms, the psalm is framed by hallelujahs (praise the Lord). The first part of the psalm looks upward as it issues the call to praise. The second part of the psalm calls all creatures of the earth, the inanimate world with its lightning, wind, snow and hail, and all human creation to praise the Lord.

Prayer
Dear Heavenly Father, all creation praises you naturally, and only we human beings have a choice as to whether we will be our lives, our words, and our thoughts praise your name. Because you created with mere commandment, and established firmly with your word, you are worthy of praise. You alone are exalted. Help us walk more closely with you as we praise your name forever. In Jesus' lovely name, Amen.

Psalm 149
God is also to be praised for his work among his people. The psalm speaks of his work among his people Israel, but by extension the modern reader contemplates God's work among his saints.

Reading: Psalm 149:1-9
The introductory verse is followed by two paragraphs of four verses each (2-5, 6-9). Again note the "hallelujah" frame at beginning and end. The psalm may be read as a whole since there is clear continuity in the call to praise with repeated themes.

Prayer
Dear God, in the assembly of your saints we sing a new song, we rejoice because of you, and praise you with all of our lives. We want you to find delight in what you see in our lives, we want our words to be sweet sounds. As we praise you, we set in contrast those who intent on evil. We honor you with gratitude in our hearts for all you have done. We rejoice in Jesus Christ and bring this prayer before you through him, Amen.

Psalm 150
The final "Hallelujah Psalm" may have been written specifically to conclude the book. Framed with hallelujahs, the psalm is also a series of hallelujahs, moving toward a climax in the mention of praise in every place and every way because of God's power and greatness. All that has breath praises God. Do we?

Reading: Psalm 150:1-6
These six verses are best read as a unit, noting the parallelism and increasing intensity. No place is beyond God's praise, even the most expansive location imaginable. His greatness surpasses all, nothing is sufficient to praise him. The only conclusion-all that breathes should praise the Lord.

Prayer
Dear God, let us praise you with all our heart, soul, mind and strength. Let us praise you with the fruit of our lips, let us praise you with our lives. We hardly know how to adequately praise, but we wish to declare how awesome, magnificent, and majestic you are to us. We hardly know of what we speak and think, but are confident of our greatness and goodness because you have shown us your love in Jesus Christ. Thank you once again for allowing us to come before your throne through him, in his name, Amen.